Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis (CDSA) Level 4+

This snapshot brings together your key results, context, and next steps to give a clear picture of your health.

Faecal macroscopy examines the physical appearance of the stool, including colour, form, mucus content, and hidden (occult) blood. These visible features offer valuable insights into digestion, gut lining integrity, and the presence of irritation or inflammation. Changes in stool appearance can often be early signs of underlying digestive issues.

Microscopy is performed for detection of blood cells which may indicate infections or inflammation, as well as markers of maldigestion. The presence of food remnants may indicate poor digestion which can contribute to bloating, nutrient malabsorption, and fatigue.

Significant numbers of bacteria are normally present in the healthy gut. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in particular, are essential for gut health because they help to inhibit gut pathogens and carcinogens, control pH, reduce cholesterol and synthesise vitamins.

These bacteria are pathogenic and are those that have the potential to cause disease in the gut.

Our gut bacteria can be divided into ‘bad’ and ‘good’. The good ones for the most part benefit us, whreas the bad 'pathogenic' ones can cause disease. Pathogens are usually present in small quantities in the microbiome, however in excessive amounts they can have adverse effects on the body. The beneficial bacteria of the microbiome have a protective function against colonisation by pathogenic bacteria.

This test looks for evidence of candida or other yeast overgrowth. Whilst yeasts are a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract, they may become an opportunistic pathogen after disruption of the mucosal barrier, imbalance of the normal intestinal flora or impaired immunity. This can be caused by things like antibiotics, antacids and stress.

Some gut problems can be a consequence of an undetected gut infection. A significant number of IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) cases could actually be due to undiagnosed gut parasites such as Blastocystis hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis.